The objective of this protocol is to guide systematic collection of sediment samples from archaeological excavations in caves and rockshelters in order to perform biomolecular and geochemical analyses. Although specifically designed for cave/rockshelter excavations, the protocols described here can be readily modified for archaeological excavations in other settings.
This protocol outlines the instructions for both vertical (i.e. from a profile) and horizontal (i.e. from an active spit/layer/context) sampling, as well as sampling co-occurring with the collection of a sediment block for micromorphological analysis. The sampling workflow is designed to incorporate the needs for successful biomolecular and paired geochemical/sedimentological analyses with minimal disruption to the archaeological excavation workflow. This protocol provides guidelines that can aid in a successful sampling strategy; however, sampling strategies need to be designed with initial research questions in mind and with the understanding that every site is unique. Therefore, prior to sampling, we strongly advise a thorough discussion with the site excavators and geoarchaeologists to ensure that relevant areas, layers, and features of interest are considered during sampling.
Have a look at protocols.io at Version 1 from Dec 17, 2025:
dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.n2bvjex45gk5/v1
You can download an editable copy. Comments are welcome! We will optimize and update the protocol from time to time.
Take also note of our sampling video: